​  ​Archaeological evidence indicates that between the 10th and 12th centuries, significant urban transformations occurred in the medieval cities of southern Kazakhstan. During this period, the internal structures of cities became more complex, and their territories expanded. These changes were directly linked to the rapid development of productive forces between the 9th and 12th centuries. 
   Under the political dominance of the Karakhanid state, public and religious buildings such as mosques, bathhouses, and noble residences were actively constructed. Water supply and sewer systems were also installed, significantly transforming the urban infrastructure. 
   Residential construction also underwent major changes. Among city dwellers, houses with enfilade and cross-shaped layouts became widespread. Interior spaces of these houses were modified, and certain areas were coated with sypa plaster. 
    These developments reflect a revival of urbanization processes and a high level of cultural and economic advancement in the region during the medieval period.